Varicose veins are veins that are swollen and enlarged. They are usually dark blue or purple in colour and more often than not occur in the legs. They form when weaknesses in the vein walls cause pressure to build up. This then distorts the veins, resulting in the lumpy, discoloured appearance.
Symptoms and types
Symptoms of varicose veins include:
aching, heavy and uncomfortable legs
bulging and twisted veins
veins appear dark blue or purple
a burning or throbbing sensation in the lower legs
itching around the veins
pain after sitting for prolonged periods.
The different types of varicose veins include:
Trunk varicose veins: these can be thick, knobbly, and long
Reticular varicose veins: this type are usually grouped together and appear red
Telangiectasia varicose veins: sometimes called spider veins, these are a mild but common form of varicose veins. They appear blue or red and can manifest on the legs or face.
What causes varicose veins?
People can develop varicose veins when weak or damaged vein walls and valves cause pressure to build when transferring blood back to the heart. The calf muscles act as pumps, pushing blood upwards, working against gravity. Tiny valves in the veins open as blood flows towards the heart, then close to stop blood flowing backwards. Varicose veins occur when these valves weaken, allowing blood to pool in the veins.
Diagnosis
To diagnose varicose veins, a specialist will need to perform an examination. This will likely involve checking for swelling in the patient’s legs while they stand up. The specialist may also use an ultrasound scanner to check blood flow through the legs. If the patient is diagnosed with varicose veins, a treatment plan will be devised.
The best treatments for varicose veins
The treatment will depend on the type and severity of the varicose veins. In less severe cases, treatment options may include self-care. This can involve regular exercises, sitting with elevated legs, or even wearing compression socks to help the veins and muscles move blood around.
Strong bursts of light are projected onto the varicose veins causing the vein to fade over time.
Varicose vein injections (sclerotherapy)
This procedure involves a foamy solution is injected into the varicose veins to close them.
Varicose vein removal surgery
A specialist uses heat therapy via a catheter to make veins collapse. This will then heal shut and blood will re-route through other veins.
Vein stripping
This involves tying off a varicose vein before the place where it joins a deep vein. The vein is then removed via small incisions.
Success rates and benefits of varicose vein surgery
Varicose vein surgery generally boasts a high success rate of around 85%. It is important to remember that the surgery won’t remove all the varicose veins and patients will likely be left with one or two. The benefits of varicose vein surgery include:
improved circulation in the legs
no swelling or itching in the legs
no pain in the legs.
Risks and complications
When it comes to varicose vein surgery, the risk factors are:
family history: a family history of the condition may make recurrence more likely
obesity: being overweight or obese puts increased pressure and strain on veins
sex: women are more likely than men to experience varicose veins. This is because hormones can cause vein walls to relax and weaken
age: veins and valves wear and tear over the years, weakening vein walls and increasing the likelihood of developing the condition
pregnancy: pregnant women experience increased blood flow which can cause veins to expand.
The complications and side effects of varicose vein surgery include:
blood clots
ulcers
bleeding
swelling.
Private varicose vein treatment costs in the UK
Varicose vein treatment is available at most private healthcare providers across the UK. The table below provides an idea of the kind of prices to expect.
Hospital
Initial consultation fee
Scan
Foam sclerotherapy (one leg)
Foam sclerotherapy (two legs)
Microphlebectomies (ablation/removal of veins (one leg)
Microphlebectomies (ablation/removal of veins (two legs)
Below, we explore what to expect at each stage of the varicose veins treatment procedure.
Preparing for surgery
In the days and weeks before varicose veins treatment, the advice around preparation is similar to other operations. For example, some medications will need to be stopped at least four weeks prior to surgery.
For varicose veins patients, it’s important to stress the role of leg compression. Special compression socks will be supplied prior to surgery. These need to be worn before and after surgery as they play an important part with regards to treatment and recovery.
The following provides instructions as to how long and the type of compression needed depending on the procedure:
Foam sclerotherapy: 3-5 days of compression bandages followed by 2 weeks of compression stockings
Surgical phlebectomies: 2-3 nights of thick compression bandage followed by 1-2 weeks of compression stockings.
The procedure - how it works
Explanation depends on the type of procedure needed. Please ask your consultant for more information on your specific procedure.
Recovery
Regardless of the type of procedure you had, it’s important to remember that compression bandages and/or stockings must be worn during recovery.
For ablation and sclerotherapy or sclerotherapy alone, patients won’t need to take much time off work. In fact, daily activities can be resumed in 1-2 days. Driving should be avoided on the day of surgery but can be resumed the day after.
For surgical phlebectomies, the initial recovery period is between 1-2 weeks. Driving should be avoided for a few days following the procedure.
Meet our surgeons and consultants
At Practice Plus Group, you can choose an experienced consultant to support you throughout your time with us, ensuring you receive first-class care.
At our hospital in Shepton Mallet, any patient in need of our services is welcome. That’s regardless of location and even if you have an existing health condition.
If you’re ready to experience life to the fullest and improve your long term health, get in touch to see if varicose vein treatment is the right option for you.
Not quite found the information you’re looking for? Our dedicated varicose veins might be able to help!
What is the main cause of varicose veins?
The main causes are:
- obesity - family history of varicose veins - sitting or standing for long periods.
Does the NHS treat varicose veins?
It’s unlikely. The NHS regards treatment for varicose veins as cosmetic and therefore not essential. It’s likely you will need to opt for private treatment for varicose veins.
Do I need a GP referral for varicose veins?
Private patients opting for the self-pay route do not need a referral from their GP.
Typically, health insurance providers will need to see a GP referral.
Patients seeking treatment via the NHS will need to see their GP beforehand.
What is the most successful treatment for varicose veins?
This depends entirely on the type of varicose veins a patient has. This will dictate the treatment needed.
Is varicose vein removal worth it?
The answer to this question depends on the needs of the patient. For some people, their varicose veins will be painful, increasing the urgency for treatment. Others approach treatment from more of a cosmetic angle.
Can you get rid of varicose veins without surgery?
There are a few methods that can help get rid of varicose veins without surgery. These include wearing compression socks, maintaining a healthy weight, and taking regular exercise.
Is treatment painful?
No. While the symptoms can be painful, the treatment itself should be almost completely painless. What’s more, if successful, surgery should alleviate symptoms such as itchiness, swelling, and pain in the legs.
Acknowledgements
Mr Mark Tomlinson is an experienced consultant general surgeon specialising in gallstones, hernias, removal of skin lumps or cysts and general day-case surgery. Mark provides specialist general surgery at Practice Plus Group Surgical Centre, Shepton Mallet.
Among Mark’s special interests are day case general and laparoscopic abdominal surgery (hernias, gallstones, cholecystectomy, appendicectomy, adhesions) and general and dermatological surgery (removal of skin tags, moles, lumps, bumps, cysts, lipomas etc).